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Objective@#To investigate the preliminary screening results of Alzheimer's disease (AD) among the elderly in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province and analyze the influencing factors, so as to provide insights into prevention and control of AD in the elderly. @*Methods@#A multi-stage stratified proportional sampling method was used to select the registered residents aged 60 years and older in Ningbo City as subjects. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, physical conditions and social activities of the subjects was evaluated with questionnaires. AD was screened using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and factors affecting the positive rate of AD preliminary screening were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 34 027 elderly residents were investigated, with an mean age of (71.71±6.89) years. There were 15 115 males (44.42%) and 18 912 females (55.58%), 16 146 residents living in rural areas (47.45%) and 17 881 residents living in urban areas (52.55%). The positive rate of AD preliminary screening was 7.28% (2 476 cases). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (70 to 74 years, OR=1.357; 75 to 79 years, OR=1.807; 80 to 84 years, OR=2.782; 85 years and older, OR=4.907), gender (female, OR=1.118), residence (urban areas, OR=0.713), marital status (unmarried, OR=3.078; widowed/separated/divorced, OR=1.301), educational level (primary school, OR=0.629; junior high school and above, OR=0.609), occupation before retirement (others, OR=0.741), family genetic history (no, OR=0.651), household disposable monthly income (1 000 to 1 999 Yuan, OR=0.636; 2 000 to 2 999 Yuan, OR=0.569; 3 000 Yuan and above, OR=0.448), exercise (seldom, OR=0.855; regular, OR=0.780), number of chronic diseases (2~5, OR=1.328), hearing loss (no, OR=0.764), smell loss (no, OR=0.615), chronic constipation (no, OR=0.696), major negative life events (no, OR=0.804), subjective memory loss (no, OR=0.583), sleep quality (general, OR=0.640; good, OR=0.616), living style (living with spouse, OR=0.300; living alone, OR=0.315; living with children, OR=0.350) and social activities (2-3 times/week, OR=0.584; 4 times/week and more, OR=0.409) were factors affecting the positive rate of AD preliminary screening. @*Conclusions @#The positive rate of AD preliminary screening among the elderly in Ningbo City is relatively high. Age, gender, economic conditions, exercise, social activities and physical conditions were factors affecting the positive rate of AD preliminary screening.
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@# [摘 要] 目的：系统评价单药程序性死亡受体1（PD-1）抑制剂对比化疗二线治疗晚期食管鳞状细胞癌（ESCC）患者的疗效及安全性，以期为临床决策提供最佳循证医学证据。方法：计算机检索The Cochrane Library、Web of Science、PubMed、EMbase、CNKI和万方等数据库，同时检索J Clin Oncol、N England Oncol、Lancet Oncol等杂志以及ASCO、EMSO会议摘要中有关单药PD-1抑制剂对比传统化疗二线治疗晚期ESCC患者的临床随机对照试验（RCT），筛选文献，提取资料，采用RevMan5.3进行Meta分析。结果：共纳入5项RCT研究（1 732例患者）。与化疗组比，单药PD-1抑制剂二线治疗晚期ESCC可显著延长患者的总生存期（OS）（HR＝0.75，95% CI：0.67~0.83，P<0.000 01）。以PD-L1不同表达程度进行亚组分析，在延长OS方面，TPS<1%时，单药PD-1抑制剂二线治疗晚期ESCC无明显优势；而TPS≥1%、TPS<5%、TPS≥5%、TPS<10%、TPS≥10%时，单药PD-1抑制剂二线治疗均可显著延长晚期ESCC患者的OS，且PD-L1表达程度越高，疗效获益更显著。然而，与化疗组比，单药PD-1抑制剂在延长晚期ESCC患者的无进展生存期（PFS）（HR＝0.93，95% CI：0.79~1.10，P=0.41）及提高客观有效率（ORR）（RR＝1.62，95% CI：0.95~2.74，P=0.07）等方面，差异均无统计学意义。但单药PD-1抑制剂组3~5级不良反应发生率低（RR＝0.37，95% CI：0.28~0.50，P<0.000 01）。结论：单药PD-1抑制剂二线治疗晚期ESCC患者可显著延长患者的OS；PD-L1高表达者PD-1抑制剂可作为二线治疗的优先选择，且具有良好的安全性。 , , , , , ()
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Purpose: To evaluate the impact of one-time high load exercise on skeletal muscle injury and analysis its mechanism in different genders. Methods: Twenty-four male and 24 female rats were divided randomly into four groups respectively: control, 0 h, 6 h, and 24 h after exercise. The activities of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and myohemoglobin (MYO) in serum, the expression level of oxidative stress markers, mitochondrial respiratory chain complex enzyme, and the apoptosis related protein in quadriceps were detected. Results: The results showed that the activities of CK, LDH and MYO in serum increased immediately after exercise and restored faster in female rats. More obvious structural disorder and apoptosis in male rats were showed. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased while catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were decreased in male rats. SOD, CAT and GSH were increased in female rats. Mitochondrial complex enzyme activity was decreased in males and increased in females. Conclusions: The skeletal muscle injury in both genders of rat could be induced by one-time high load exercise due to the mitochondrial respiratory enzyme dysfunction and oxidative stress, which was relatively mild and recovered quicker in female rats.
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Animals , Male , Female , Rats , Physical Conditioning, Animal/adverse effects , Sex Factors , Mitochondrial Myopathies/veterinary , Oxidative Stress , Musculoskeletal System/injuriesABSTRACT
@#[摘 要] 目的：分析整合素连接激酶（ILK）基因在食管鳞状细胞癌（ESCC）组织中的表达水平及其与患者临床病理特征之间的关系，探讨其对KYSE-150细胞增殖、凋亡和裸鼠皮下移植瘤生长的影响。方法:选取2012年1月至2014年12月手术切除并经病理证实的75例ESCC患者的癌组织和其配对的癌旁组织标本，用组织芯片技术及免疫组织化学染色法检测ESCC组织和癌旁组织中ILK的表达情况；qPCR法检测ESCC细胞ECA109、TE-1、EC9706、KYSE-150中ILK mRNA的表达，选用ILK表达最高的KYSE-150细胞进行后续细胞功能学研究。使用ILK干扰慢病毒感染KYSE-150细胞下调ILK的表达，qPCR和WB法检测ILK基因敲降效率；MTT实验、克隆形成实验和FACS检测干扰ILK表达对KYSE-150细胞增殖能力和凋亡水平的影响；裸鼠皮下成瘤实验检测干扰ILK对KYSE-150细胞移植瘤生长的影响。结果:ESCC组织中ILK蛋白阳性表达率高于癌旁组织（P<0.05），且ILK高表达与淋巴结转移有关联（P<0.05）。ILK干扰慢病毒感染的KYSE-150细胞中ILK mRNA表达明显受到抑制（P<0.05），ILK蛋白水平表达下调，以上结果提示ILK敲降成功。与感染阴性对照病毒的KYSE-150细胞相比，ILK干扰慢病毒感染的KYSE-150细胞的增殖能力、克隆形成数均显著降低（均P<0.05），但细胞凋亡率升高（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，干预组裸鼠移植瘤生长缓慢，移植瘤的质量及体积均较小（均P<0.05）。结论:ESCC组织中ILK的表达高于癌旁组织，且ILK高表达与患者发生淋巴结转移有关联；抑制ILK基因可导致KYSE-150细胞增殖能力降低，促进细胞凋亡而抑制裸鼠移植瘤生长。
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Objective@#The role of preoperative overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) in the neurophysiological mechanism of cognitive improvement after liver transplantation (LT) remains elusive. This study aimed to explore changes in sub-regional thalamic functional connectivity (FC) after LT and their relationship with neuropsychological improvement using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data in cirrhotic patients with and without a history of OHE. @*Materials and Methods@#A total of 51 cirrhotic patients, divided into the OHE group (n = 21) and no-OHE group (n = 30), and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in this prospective study. Each patient underwent rs-fMRI before and 1 month after LT. Using 16 bilateral thalamic subregions as seeds, we conducted a seed-to-voxel FC analysis to compare the thalamic FC alterations before and after LT between the OHE and no-OHE groups, as well as differences in FC between the two groups of cirrhotic patients and the control group. Correction for multiple comparisons was conducted using the false discovery rate (p < 0.05). @*Results@#We found abnormally increased FC between the thalamic sub-region and prefrontal cortex, as well as an abnormally decreased FC between the bilateral thalamus in both OHE and no-OHE cirrhotic patients before LT, which returned to normal levels after LT. Compared with the no-OHE group, the OHE group exhibited more extensive abnormalities prior to LT, and the increased FC between the right thalamic subregions and right inferior parietal lobe was markedly reduced to normal levels after LT. @*Conclusion@#The renormalization of FC in the cortico-thalamic loop might be a neuro-substrate for the recovery of cognitive function after LT in cirrhotic patients. In addition, hyperconnectivity between thalamic subregions and the inferior parietal lobe might be an important feature of OHE. Changes in FC in the thalamus might be used as potential biomarkers for recovery of cognitive function after LT in cirrhotic patients.
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BACKGROUND: Neuroimaging studies have shown that chronic pain could cause functional and structural alterations; however, the neural mechanism of psychosomatic symptoms caused by chronic discogenic low back pain (CDLBP) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the alterations of amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) of resting spontaneous brain activity in CDLBP patients and their relationships with clinical symptoms. METHODS: Resting-state brain functional MRI scans were performed in 67 CDLBP patients (CDLBP group) and 78 age-, sex-and education level-matched healthy controls (control group). The disease course, Visual Analogue Scale score, Oswestry Disability Index and Self-rating Depression Scale score were analyzed for CDLBP patients. The average ALFF values of the two groups were calculated using DPARSF and REST software, the differences of ALFF values between the two groups were compared by independent two-sample t-test, and the relationships between the ALFF values derived from significant regions and the course of disease and clinical symptoms were analyzed. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (approval No. 20150210). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the regions with significantly increased ALFF values in the CDLBP group included the left insular lobe, right parahippocampal gyrus, bilateral superior temporal gyrus, left inferior temporal gyrus, bilateral prefrontal lobe, left caudate nucleus and right inferior frontal gyrus (all P < 0.05, Gaussian random field (GRF) corrected). Compared with the control group, the regions with significantly decreased ALFF values in the CDLBP group included the right superior orbital frontal gyrus and right lingual gyrus (both P <0.05, GRF corrected). Correlation analysis showed that the mean ALFF values in the right inferior frontal gyrus and left caudate nucleus were positively correlated with the Visual Analogue Scale (all P < 0.05). All these findings suggest that patients with CDLBP have abnormal spontaneous brain activities in multiple brain regions, and these alterations are correlated with the degree of pain.
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@#The crown-root ratio (C/R) theory of natural teeth has been widely recognized in the field of stomatology,and has important clinical significance in predicting and assessing the prognosis of natural teeth as well as for abutment selection during denture restoration. In the past few decades, scholars have advocated for the implantation of implants as long in length as possible to improve the success rate according to the theory of crown-root ratio of natural teeth. However, with the application of short implants, our philosophy of implantation has changed, and the relationship between the crown-implant (C/I) ratio and complications has become one of the current research hotspots. In this paper, the concept of the crown-implant ratio, the research progress of the C/I ratio, the implant survival rate and clinical complications of implant restoration were reviewed and summarized, and the following suggestions were put forward: although most studies have shown no significant correlation between the C/I ratio and implant survival or marginal bone loss, this relationship may increase the risk of mechanical complications. A C/I < 3 and a crown length < 15 mm are recommended in implant restoration; when ultra-short implants are applied, the implant system can increase the bone-to-implant contact area, and splint prostheses such as crown or bridge are recommended.
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Background: Ovarian masses are common gynecological diseases which may appear and develop in any age group. Despite low prevalence rates, ovarian cancers still have a poor prognosis with high mortality rates, which can be effectively treated in the case of early detection and diagnosis. Methods: A total of 368 cases with ovarian masses treated from January 2016 to December 2017 were selected. These patients were diagnosed again by junior and senior blinded physicians using International Ovarian of Tumor Analysis simple rules (IOTA-SRs) and Gynecologic Imaging Reporting and Data System (Gi-Rads) respectively. Then the diagnostic efficiencies of 2 combined methods and individual ones were compared. Results: For the diagnosis of 368 patients, there were no significant differences between the sensitivity, PPV, NPV and DAR using IOTA-SRs and Gi-Rads by junior and senior physicians (p>0.05). Combining the 2 methods, it boosted the diagnostic performance, with the sensitivity, specificity, and DAR increasing to 96.3%, 92.31%, and 93.48% respectively. The sensitivity and NPV were significantly different (p=0.021, 0.032, p<0.05). Conclusion: Both IOTA-SRs and Gi-Rads had higher diagnostic performance and lower dependence on clinical experience. Combining the 2 methods may enhance the diagnostic performance, especially the sensitivity and NPV. Therefore, it is worthwhile to combine IOTA-SRs with Gi-Rads in the standardization and implementation of public reporting mechanism and the promotion of accurate pre-procedural stratification.
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Chinese medicine (CM) has a good clinical effect on osteoarthritis (OA), but the mechanism is not very clear. Evidence-based medicine researches have shown that intestinal flora plays a role in the pathogenesis and succession of OA. Intestinal flora affects the efficacy of CM, and CM can affect the balance of intestinal flora. This paper focuses on the relationship between intestinal flora, intestinal microenvironment, brain-gut axis, metabolic immunity and OA, and preliminarily expound the significance of intestinal flora in the pathogenesis of OA and the mechanism of CM intervention. The above discussion will be of great significance in the prevention and treatment of OA by CM from the perspective of intestinal flora.
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Objective @# To investigate the effect of a laser-etched pure titanium surface on proliferation of the human osteosarcoma cell line MG63 and to provide a basis for study of implant surface modification. @*Methods@#The pure titanium plate was cut into titanium pieces by a numerical control machine tool and divided into smooth surface and laser etching groups. The titanium surface of the laser etching group was etched with an Nd:YAG continuous wave laser using predetermined parameters, and the surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface micromorphology of each titanium sheet was evaluated. The relative element content of the titanium surface was measured by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The Ra value of each surface was determined using the Veeco roughness tester. MG63 cells were inoculated on 2 sets of titanium tablets. At 1, 3, and 6 h postinoculation, cell adhesion to the two groups of titanium sheets was observed under the microscope. At 24 h after inoculation, cellular F-actin was directly stained using immunofluorescence, and the morphology of the cytoskeleton was observed by laser confocal microscopy. Cell proliferation was examined at 1, 3, and 5 d using a MTS kit, and the data were analyzed with SAS 9.4.@* Results @#The surface of the smooth surface group was smooth and flat, the element composition was pure titanium, and the roughness Ra was 179.23 nm. The surface of the laser-etched group formed a regular and uniform pore structure. The composition was mainly Ti, O, C, etc, and the surface roughness Ra was 14.11 μm. A large number of cells were uniformly distributed on the two titanium sheets in the observations at 1, 3, and 6 h. At 24 h postinoculation, MG63 cells were completely stretched on the two sets of titanium sheets and had extended a large number of pseudopods and microfilaments to cross-link with peripheral cells; moreover, the cell division phase was observed. The cell proliferation of the two groups at 1, 3, and 5 d showed a significant increase with time, indicating that no cytotoxicity occurred on the surfaces of the two groups. However, the cell proliferation in the laser-etched group was superior to that in the mechanical smooth surface group.@*Conclusion@#The surface morphology of titanium can be controlled by laser etching, which is conductive to increase the microstructure of implants without cytotoxicity and promoting osteoblast proliferation in the early stage.
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Objective @# To explore the clinical effect of the alveolar crest approach in the treatment of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis and the repair of edentulous implants in this area.@*Methods@#This was a retrospective case series of 20 patients with odontogenic sinusitis. The pathogenesis in each case was investigated. After elimination of the dental origin, each patient was treated with flushing, drainage and anti-inflammatories through the alveolar crest approach. Postoperative CBCT reexamination was performed to evaluate the therapeutic effect. Maxillary sinus elevation surgery with simultaneous or delayed implantation was performed after maxillary sinusitis healing was confirmed. The patients were followed postoperatively.@*Results @#Twenty patients with odontogenic sinusitis were treated by the alveolar crest approach, and 17 were cured, for a cure rate of 85%. Among them, 17 of the maxillary sinusitis patients were followed for 1 year, with good results.@*Conclusion @#The alveolar crest approach is feasible for the treatment of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis and can serve as a minimally invasive method for the repair of edentulism in this area and implantation.
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@#Because nanoparticles have particular characteristics, such as small size and surface effects, nano-TiO2 is widely used in air purification, wastewater treatment and self-cleaning. In recent years, TiO2 photocatalysis has thoroughly explored as a new titanium implant surface treatment method. Photocatalytic performance is better for TiO2 nanowires than for nano-TiO2 particles. Hence, these nanowires have received widespread attention with regard for their more specific surface area and surface energy, improved charge carrier transport efficiency, and enhanced charge collection efficiency. Photon-generated carrier transport moves in a one dimensional straight path along a nanowire, and this could decrease photoelectron loss. In this paper, we summarized the principles underlying, factors that influence, and applications involving TiO2 nanowire photocatalysis. Additionally, we describe its method of preparation and toxicity.
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@#Objective To investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of N1 in T2 stage of the 8th TNM stage of The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) (3 cm <tumor size≤5 cm) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), to provide the basis for dissecting intrapulmonary lymph node more accurately during the operation. Methods We collected the clinical information of patients who underwent the pulmonary malignant tumor surgery in Dalian Central Hospital between October 2011 and November 2016. Through the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 68 patients were obtained, including 48 males and 20 females, aged 48–81 (63.1±7.6) years. According to the pathological results, we invesigated the characteristics and influencing factors of N1 in T2 stage non-small cell lung cancer. Results The results showed that the highest positive rate of lymph node was 14.8% in the 12th group, 14.3% in the 13th group, and 13.9% in the 6th group, respectively. In the single factor analysis, it showed that male, T2b stage, poorly differentiated degree were the risk factors for intrapulmonary lymph node metastasis in T2 stage (P<0.05). But the intrapulmonary lymph nodes metastasis was no significant correlation with above factors according to the multivariate analysis. Conclusion It is necessary to extract the intrapulmonary lymph node of T2 stage NSCLC at utmost, especially for the No.12 and No.13 high-risk areas. T2b stage with odd ratio (OR) at 3.038 and poorly differentiated degree (OR=1.945) may be the risk factors for the intrapulmonary lymph nodes metastasis of NSCLC in T2 stage. But they are not determining factors.
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This study aimed to assess the relationship of OAS2 rs739901 5'-flanking C/A polymorphisms with the susceptibility to Enterovirus-71 (EV71) infection.We investigated 294 hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) Chinese children with EV71 infection (165 mild cases and 129 encephalitis cases).The improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) technique was used to test the genotypes.In EV71-infected patients,the CA genotype distribution (P=0.007),A allele frequency (OR 1.32,95％ CI 1.0-1.7,P=0.034)and CA+AA carriage frequency (P=0.003) of OAS2 rs739901 5'-flanking were obviously elevated as compared with controls,but there were no statistically significant differences between mild cases and encephalitis cases.In EV71-infected patients,the counts of white blood cells (P=0.034) and blood glucose concentrations (P=0.042) were raised in A carriers (CA+AA).Among different genotypes of encephalitis cases,the contents of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed no significant differences.IFN-γ levels in EV71-infected patients were higher than those in controls (mild group vs.control group,P＜0.01;encephalitis group vs.control group,P＜0.001).In encephalitis cases,IFN-γ levels were reduced (P＜0.05) in A carriers compared to CC genotype,however,there were no significant differences between genotypes CA and AA (P=0.226).These findings suggest that OAS2 rs739901 5'-flanking C/A genetic polymorphisms involve the susceptibility to EV71 infection,and A allele might be a risk factor of the susceptibility to EV-71 infection.
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This study aimed to assess the relationship of OAS2 rs739901 5'-flanking C/A polymorphisms with the susceptibility to Enterovirus-71 (EV71) infection.We investigated 294 hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) Chinese children with EV71 infection (165 mild cases and 129 encephalitis cases).The improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) technique was used to test the genotypes.In EV71-infected patients,the CA genotype distribution (P=0.007),A allele frequency (OR 1.32,95％ CI 1.0-1.7,P=0.034)and CA+AA carriage frequency (P=0.003) of OAS2 rs739901 5'-flanking were obviously elevated as compared with controls,but there were no statistically significant differences between mild cases and encephalitis cases.In EV71-infected patients,the counts of white blood cells (P=0.034) and blood glucose concentrations (P=0.042) were raised in A carriers (CA+AA).Among different genotypes of encephalitis cases,the contents of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed no significant differences.IFN-γ levels in EV71-infected patients were higher than those in controls (mild group vs.control group,P＜0.01;encephalitis group vs.control group,P＜0.001).In encephalitis cases,IFN-γ levels were reduced (P＜0.05) in A carriers compared to CC genotype,however,there were no significant differences between genotypes CA and AA (P=0.226).These findings suggest that OAS2 rs739901 5'-flanking C/A genetic polymorphisms involve the susceptibility to EV71 infection,and A allele might be a risk factor of the susceptibility to EV-71 infection.
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Objective@#To investigate the effect of pure titanium surface of large diameter TiO2 nanotubes modified by RGD peptide on the adhesion and proliferation of MG63 osteoblasts. to provide theoretical proof for developing titanium implants.@*Methods@#Commercially pure titanium discs were divided into four groups and treated with SLA to obtain a microrough surface (SLA group). Then, nanotubes were imposed on this microrough surface by anodization (SLA+80 group). The surface was then modified by dopamine (DOPA) (DOPA Group), after which bioactive RGD peptide layers were generated on the TiO2 nanotube surfaces via electrochemical and molecular self-assembly techniques (RGD group). The titanium surface morphology and elemental composition of each group were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). MG63 cells were cultured in vitro to evaluate biological activities of titanium before and after treatment, including the evaluation of early-stage cell adhesion capacity by fluorescence microscopy, proliferation capacity by MTS assay, and mRNA expression of the cell osteoblast-related genes alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) by qRT-PCR.@*Results@#FE-SEM and XPS showed that hierarchical micro/nanosurfaces decorated with TiO2 nanotubes were produced on titanium using sandblasting and large grit etching combined with anodization, dopamine was then self-polymerized to form a polydopamine film on the TiO2 nanotube surfaces, and RGD peptides were then conjugated to the polydopamine film, finally forming RGD peptide-modified bioactive layers. In vitro experiments showed that compared with the other three materials, the RGD-modified material was more conducive to cell adhesion and proliferation (P < 0.05). The expression levels of ALP and OCN mRNA in the RGD group were significantly higher than those in the SLA group and DOPA group (P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#Hierarchical micro/nanosurfaces decorated with TiO2 nanotubes functionally modified with RGD peptides have good biocompatibility and could be used for developing titanium implants and further improving early osseointegration.
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Objective To explore the application of visible standard channel combined with F4.8 visible puncture percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the treatment of multiple renal calculi. Methods The clinical data of 46 patients with multiple renal calculi from October 2015 to September 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 28 male and 18 female, with a mean age of 42.6 years (aged from 25 to 65 years). Stone diameter 3.0~5.2 cm, average (4.3 ± 0.8) cm. Application of F4.8 visual puncture assisted angioplasty to establish the standard channel, nephrolithotomy combined with ultrasonic lithotripsy treatment in the field of visible stones, then apply the F4.8 visual micro puncture percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with holmium laser treatment of other parts of the stone, summarizes the channel establishment total time, operation time, blood red protein decreased and stone clearance rate and complication index. Results All cases were successfully established single standard channel under the guidance of F4.8 visual puncture, 24 cases were combined with single ultramicro channel, 16 cases were combined with double ultramicro channels, and the other 6 cases were combined with the three ultra micro channels. Postoperative indwelling single renal fistula, micro channel indwelling fistula, postoperative indwelling F5 double J tube. F4.8 visual puncture established standard channel establishment time (6.8 ± 1.8) min, single F4.8 visible puncture ultra - channel establishment time of (4.5 ± 0.9) min, operation time of (92.0 ± 15.0) min. A stone clearance rate was 91.3% (42/46), a decrease in hemoglobin value of (12.2 ± 2.5) g/L, 8 cases of postoperative fever, given anti-inflammatory treatment improved, 4 cases with residual calyceal stones visible 0.5~0.8 cm, given extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy combined with postural drainage, stone, 1 months after the treatment of stones were discharged, did not appear Shi Jie, delayed bleeding, adjacent organ injury, ureteral injury cases. Conclusion Visual standard channel combined with F4.8 ultra visible puncture percutaneous nephrolithotomy in treatment of multiple renal calculi has the advantages of reducing the large number of channels, high stone clearance rate, safety, less complications, F4.8 was used to establish the visual puncture channel is more safe and accurate.
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Objective To explore the application of visible standard channel combined with F4.8 visible puncture percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the treatment of multiple renal calculi. Methods The clinical data of 46 patients with multiple renal calculi from October 2015 to September 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 28 male and 18 female, with a mean age of 42.6 years (aged from 25 to 65 years). Stone diameter 3.0~5.2 cm, average (4.3 ± 0.8) cm. Application of F4.8 visual puncture assisted angioplasty to establish the standard channel, nephrolithotomy combined with ultrasonic lithotripsy treatment in the field of visible stones, then apply the F4.8 visual micro puncture percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with holmium laser treatment of other parts of the stone, summarizes the channel establishment total time, operation time, blood red protein decreased and stone clearance rate and complication index. Results All cases were successfully established single standard channel under the guidance of F4.8 visual puncture, 24 cases were combined with single ultramicro channel, 16 cases were combined with double ultramicro channels, and the other 6 cases were combined with the three ultra micro channels. Postoperative indwelling single renal fistula, micro channel indwelling fistula, postoperative indwelling F5 double J tube. F4.8 visual puncture established standard channel establishment time (6.8 ± 1.8) min, single F4.8 visible puncture ultra - channel establishment time of (4.5 ± 0.9) min, operation time of (92.0 ± 15.0) min. A stone clearance rate was 91.3% (42/46), a decrease in hemoglobin value of (12.2 ± 2.5) g/L, 8 cases of postoperative fever, given anti-inflammatory treatment improved, 4 cases with residual calyceal stones visible 0.5~0.8 cm, given extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy combined with postural drainage, stone, 1 months after the treatment of stones were discharged, did not appear Shi Jie, delayed bleeding, adjacent organ injury, ureteral injury cases. Conclusion Visual standard channel combined with F4.8 ultra visible puncture percutaneous nephrolithotomy in treatment of multiple renal calculi has the advantages of reducing the large number of channels, high stone clearance rate, safety, less complications, F4.8 was used to establish the visual puncture channel is more safe and accurate.
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Objective@#To analyze the role of TLR4 in innate immune response of dental pulp by comparing the locations and expressions of TLR4 in healthy dental pulp tissue and dental pulp tissue affected by deep caries. @*Methods @# Healthy teeth and teeth affected by deep caries were demineralized and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) to observe the morphology of dental pulp. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to observe the expressions of TLR4.@*Results @# Observed under HE staining, dentin tubules of teeth affected by deep caries were damaged with a lot bacteria mass. The expression of TLR4 were located in the odontoblast layer and near the blood vessels in both groups. Positive staining of TLR4 in deep caries pulps (2.10±0.74) were significantly higher than that in healthy teeth (1.25 ±0.46). @*Conclusion @#Expression of TLR4 in deep caries pulp is stronger than that in healthy pulp. It suggests that TLR4 may play a role in the innate immune response of deep caries.
ABSTRACT
@#Dental operating microscope is recommended to complicated root canal therapy, for it could provide increased lighting and superior magnification, so that the survival rate of tooth is highly increased. More refined access of cavity preparation, canal cleaning, shaping and obturating are realized under microscope. This article combined literature reviews with the writers’ clinical experience, and it aims at helping clinicians to improve their ability to more accurately performance and minimally invasive endodontic procedures, such as locating hidden canals obstructed by calcifications, canals reduced in size, removing materials, reducing ledge formation, apical transportation, and repairing perforations.